What is Lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose which is a sugar found in milk and other dairy products.
People with lactose intolerance are unable to break down lactose into simple sugars so it passes through the digestive system undigested.
Lactose intolerance is very common, affecting up to 70% of the world's population. it is more common in people of Asian, African, and South American descent.
Lactose intolerance is not the same as the milk allergy. a milk allergy is the reaction by the immune system to one or more proteins in milk.
People with the milk allergy may have symptoms such as rash, itchiness, and vomiting.
Lactose intolerance, on the other hand is a digestive problem.
Types of Lactose intolerance:
There are three main types of lactose intolerance
1. Primary lactose intolerance which is the most common type and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.
Lactase is produced in the cell's lining of the small intestine and its job is to break down lactose into simpler sugars to be digested.
2. Secondary lactose intolerance Which is less common and is caused by another condition that damages the small intestine such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease or viral gastroenteritis.
When the small intestine has a disease, it produces less lactase enzyme.
3. Congenital lactose intolerance which is a rare condition that is present from birth. it is caused by a genetic defect that prevents the body from producing lactase.
Symptoms of Lactose intolerance:
Symptoms of lactose intolerance usually begin 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming milk or other dairy products. the symptoms may include
•Abdominal pain
•Bloating
•Gas
•Diarrhea
•Nausea and vomiting
In some cases, lactose intolerance can lead to weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.
When it comes to diagnosis, lactose intolerance is diagnosed with a lactose tolerance test. this test measures the amount of lactose in the blood after a person consumes a lactose-containing drink.
Treatment:
The treatment for lactose intolerance is to avoid milk and other dairy products. people with lactose intolerance can usually tolerate small amounts of lactose so it is often possible to eat or drink dairy products in moderation.
Most patients can tolerate around a glass of milk without any problems. there are also lactose-free milk and dairy products available such as lactose-free milk, cheese, and ice cream
In some cases, people with lactose intolerance may need to take lactase supplements before consuming milk or other dairy products.
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