Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Definition:
PMDD is a condition during which a woman suffers emotional and physical symptoms weeks before her monthly period.
The premenstrual dysphoric disorder affects a minute number of women about three to eight percent during their years of menstruation.
This symptom is characterized by depression, tension, anxiety and irritability. the symptoms often affect their daily lives including work, school and relationships.
In several cases, the symptoms stop when or after the menstrual period begins.
Causes of PMDD:
A known cause is yet to be found. More researchers, however, think that an abnormal reaction to hormone changes that occur during a women's menstrual cycle may play a role.
The hormonal changes may also lead to a low level of serotonin in the brain, the serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is involved in depression, appetite, sleep Etc and is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being.
Other causes include alcohol and substance abuse, being overweight, thyroid disorder, a mother with a history of the disorder.
Signs and symptoms of PMDD:
Emotional symptoms:
•Mood swings
•Anxiety
•Feeling of hopelessness
•Difficulty concentrating
•Anger
•Irritability
•Tension
•Less interest in activities you normally enjoy
•Suicidal Thoughts
•Crying
Physical symptoms:
•Sleeping problems
•Joint and muscle pain
•Headache
•Changes in appetite such as overeating
•Breast tenderness or swelling
•Cramps
Diagnosis and treatment of PMDD:
Your health provider can make a diagnosis If you experience at least seven of the symptoms above.
The symptoms start two weeks before your period and leave when or after you start.
If the symptoms are daily experiences with no improvement when you begin your period, PMDD is ruled out.
If you have any of the symptoms, your health care provider may need to check your medical history and carry out some thorough examination and probably carry out a psychological evaluation to check your emotional and mental state.
Treatment for PMDD:
Treatment may help in relieving the symptoms. several methods used include:
•Antidepressants like SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
The four SSRI approved are fluoroxetine (available as prozac or sarafem), Escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro), Sertraline (Zoloft) and Paroxetine (Paxil)
SSRIs only need to be taken during PMDD symptoms. this method has recorded a great level of alleviation of symptoms.
•Another treatment used is an injection of a drug that creates a temporary drug-induced menopause-like condition.
•Psychotherapy that includes cognitive behavior therapy is a great way of treating PMB. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an approach that evaluates dysfunctional emotions and how they can be improved. through this therapy, patients are able to address issues, thoughts as well as behavioral patterns that worsen anxiety and depression.
•In cases where medication has failed, a permanent solution of removing the ovaries through a surgical procedure may be allowed, This produces an immediate and permanent cure.
•Other treatment may include:
Changes in diet, regular exercise, Stress Management, taking vitamin supplements, taking some other nutritional supplements. like Ginkgo that has been shown to reduce symptoms.
Thank you...
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